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Previous to the Revolution all presses were built on the same plan a flat platen, impressing against type arranged on a flat bed. Impressions were obtained with a screw, and fifty an hour was the maximum capacity. In 1810, Koenig substituted the revolving cylinder for the platen, and obtained 1000 per hour in the London Times office. Steam printing presses were first used by the New York Sun in 1835. Hoe's press inventions of 1828 and 1847 made possible 20,000 per hour, and Craske's discoveries in 1861 in Papier-mâche stereotyping increased the rapidity of the presses. Improvements were continually made in the Hoe, Walter and Bullock presses, and the first perfecting Hoe press was erected for the New York Commercial Advertiser in 1880; capacity 20,000 per hour.