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A German traveler and naturalist, brother of Rudolf; born at Bayreuth, Oct. 3, 1813; died by his own hand at Munich, May 30, 1887. He traveled in Algeria, the coastlands of the Black Sea, the Caucasus, Armenia, Kurdistan, Persia, North and Central America, and the West Indies. Among his writings are: "Travels in the Regency of Algiers" (3 vols., 1841); "The Caucasus and the Land of the Cossacks" (2 vols., 1847); "Journey to Colchis" (1850); "Journey to Ararat and the Armenian Highlands" (1848); "Travels in Persia and in the Land of the Kurds" (2 vols., 1851); "Scientific Travels in Tropical America" (1870); "The Darwinian Theory, and the Law of Migration of Organisms" (1868).