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Upon the establishment of independence in 1776, the thirteen colonies necessarily passed from the crown. Not one of the thirteen was a State prior to that event, though a few had established temporary governments at the suggestion of Congress. Massachusetts remained under the form of government fixed by her colonial charter until 1780, Connecticut until 1818 and Rhode Island until 1842. New Hampshire was the first to modify and establish a local government. She did so in January, 1776. South Carolina, Virginia and New Jersey followed in March, June and July of the same year, Delaware and Pennsylvania in September, Maryland in November, North Carolina in December, Georgia and New York in 1777. By 1780 all had formed local governments except Connecticut and Rhode Island.