CAUSES
\kˈɔːzɪz], \kˈɔːzɪz], \k_ˈɔː_z_ɪ_z]\
Definitions of CAUSES
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By Robley Dunglison
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With Aristotle and the logicians, are four: Material, that out of which the effect is produced; Efficient, that by which, as the agent; Formal, that according to which, as the regulating idea; Final, that for which, as the purpose. Thus, of a cup, cause 1 is the clay; 2, the maker; 3, the design intended; 4, drinking.
By Henry Percy Smith