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The Arabians kept the torch of medical science illuminated during a dark period of the middle ages. Before the year of the Hegira, they had schools of medicine; but these were most flourishing during the 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries. The chief additions made by them to medical science were in the departments of pharmacy and in the description of diseases. Their principal writers were Avicenna, Serapion, Averrhoes, Hali Abbas, Moses Maimonides, Avenzoar, Rhazes, Albucasis. The disciples of the Arab school were called Arabists.