MITOCHONDRIAL CONTRACTION
\mˌa͡ɪtəkˈɒndɹɪəl kəntɹˈakʃən], \mˌaɪtəkˈɒndɹɪəl kəntɹˈakʃən], \m_ˌaɪ_t_ə_k_ˈɒ_n_d_ɹ_ɪ__ə_l k_ə_n_t_ɹ_ˈa_k_ʃ_ə_n]\
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Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
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Word of the day
hydromorphic
- [Greek] Structurally adapted to an aquatic environment, as organs of water plants.