Dictionary.net

An American physiologist, chemist, historical and miscellaneous prose-writer; born near Liverpool, England, May 5, 1811; died at Hastings-on-the-Hudson, N. Y., Jan. 4, 1882. He came to this country in 1833, and took his degree as M. D. at the University of Pennsylvania in 1836. He became professor of chemistry in the University of New York in 1841, and in 1850 professor of physiology. Among his works are: "Human Physiology" (1856); "History of the Intellectual Development of Europe" (1862), a work of great importance and very widely read; "History of the American Civil War" (1867-70); "History of the Conflict between Religion and Science" (1875), which ran through many editions and was translated into nearly all the languages of Europe.