HABITUATION SPASM
\hˌabɪt͡ʃuːˈe͡ɪʃən spˈazəm], \hˌabɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən spˈazəm], \h_ˌa_b_ɪ_tʃ_uː_ˈeɪ_ʃ_ə_n s_p_ˈa_z_ə_m]\
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Habitual, repeated, rapid contraction of certain muscles, resulting in stereotyped individualized actions that can be voluntarily suppressed for only brief periods. They often involve the face, vocal cords, neck, and less often the extremities. Examples include repetitive throat clearing, vocalizations, sniffing, pursing the lips, and excessive blinking. Tics tend to be aggravated by emotional stress. When frequent they may interfere with speech and INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS. Conditions which feature frequent and prominent tics as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as TIC DISORDERS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp109-10)
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Procollagen Proline Dioxygenase
- mixed-function oxygenase that catalyzes hydroxylation prolyl-glycyl-containing-peptide, usually in protocollagen, hydroxyprolylglycyl-peptide. The enzyme utilizes molecular oxygen with a concomitant oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate to succinate. EC 1.14.11.2.