ANEURYSMAL SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGES
\ˈanjuːɹˌɪsmə͡l sˈʌbɐɹˌat͡ʃnɔ͡ɪd hˈɛməɹɪd͡ʒɪz], \ˈanjuːɹˌɪsməl sˈʌbɐɹˌatʃnɔɪd hˈɛməɹɪdʒɪz], \ˈa_n_j_uː_ɹ_ˌɪ_s_m_əl s_ˈʌ_b_ɐ_ɹ_ˌa_tʃ_n_ɔɪ_d h_ˈɛ_m_ə_ɹ_ɪ_dʒ_ɪ_z]\
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Hemorrhage within the intracranial or spinal subarachnoid space, most often resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture or CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA (see also SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurologic deficits, intraocular subhyaloid hemorrhages, and a reduced level of consciousness which may progress to coma or death. Spasm of intracranial arteries (see VASOSPASM, INTRACRANIAL) frequently accompanies this condition and may lead to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or CEREBRAL INFARCTION. (From N Engl J Med 1997 Jan 2;336 (1):28-40)
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Hypoglossal Neuropathy
- twelfth cranial (hypoglossal) nuclei. fascicles are located in medulla, exits via hypoglossal foramen innervates muscles tongue. Lower brain stem diseases, including ischemia MOTOR NEURON affect nuclei fascicles. nerve may also be injured by diseases of the posterior fossa or skull base. Clinical manifestations include unilateral musculature and lingual dysarthria, with deviation tongue towards side weakness upon attempted protrusion.