POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONS
\pˌɒlɪməɹˈe͡ɪz t͡ʃˈe͡ɪn ɹɪˈakʃənz], \pˌɒlɪməɹˈeɪz tʃˈeɪn ɹɪˈakʃənz], \p_ˌɒ_l_ɪ_m_ə_ɹ_ˈeɪ_z tʃ_ˈeɪ_n ɹ_ɪ__ˈa_k_ʃ_ə_n_z]\
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In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
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Proto Oncogene Proteins c erbB 2
- cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase that is found to be overexpressed in significant number adenocarcinomas. It has extensive homology can heterodimerize EGF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR), 3 receptor (RECEPTOR, 3) and the 4 receptor. Activation of erbB-2 receptor occurs during heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB family members. EC 2.7.11.-.