MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM
\ˌɛmˌe͡ɪpˈiː kˈɪne͡ɪs sˈɪɡnə͡lɪŋ sˈɪstəm], \ˌɛmˌeɪpˈiː kˈɪneɪs sˈɪɡnəlɪŋ sˈɪstəm], \ˌɛ_m_ˌeɪ_p_ˈiː k_ˈɪ_n_eɪ_s s_ˈɪ_ɡ_n_əl_ɪ_ŋ s_ˈɪ_s_t_ə_m]\
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An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.
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Proto Oncogene Proteins c erbB 2
- cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase that is found to be overexpressed in significant number adenocarcinomas. It has extensive homology can heterodimerize EGF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR), 3 receptor (RECEPTOR, 3) and the 4 receptor. Activation of erbB-2 receptor occurs during heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB family members. EC 2.7.11.-.