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A German historian of philosophy; born at Sandewalde, in Silesia, July 23, 1824. He was interdicted from teaching philosophy at Heidelberg in 1853; but after filling professorships in Berlin and Jena, he had the satisfaction of being called to the chair of philosophy at Heidelberg in 1872. He is of the school of Hegel. His principal writings are: "Diotima: The Idea of the Beautiful" (1849); "Logic and Metaphysic, or the Doctrine of Science" (1852); "History of Modern Philosophy" (8 vols., 1852-93), his greatest work, written in the form of brilliant monographs on Descartes, Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and other great philosophers down to Schopenhauer; "Francis Bacon and his Successors" (1856); "Lessing's Nathan the Wise" (1864); "Spinoza's Life and Character" (1865); "Origin and Evolution-Forms of Wit" (1871). D.July 4, 1907.