FRIEDREICH FAMILIAL ATAXIA
\fɹˈiːdɹa͡ɪx famˈɪlɪəl atˈe͡ɪksi͡ə], \fɹˈiːdɹaɪx famˈɪlɪəl atˈeɪksiə], \f_ɹ_ˈiː_d_ɹ_aɪ_x f_a_m_ˈɪ_l_ɪ__ə_l a_t_ˈeɪ_k_s_iə]\
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An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335 (16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335 (16):1169-75)
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