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(1758-1843), was born at Carlisle, Pa., and died at Red Hook, N. Y. He served in the Revolutionary War, and after its conclusion wrote the first "Newburgh letters." Entering civil life he was Secretary of State in Pennsylvania and member of the Continental Congress, and was a U. S. Senator in 1800-2 and 1803-4. He was Minister to France from 1804 to 1810. Appointed brigadier-general in 1812, in 1813 he entered the Cabinet as Secretary of War. His administration, despite some radical measures, was unsuccessful, and he was obliged to resign after the fall of Washington in 1814.