11 CIS RETINAL
\ɪlˈɛvən sˈɪs ɹˈɛtɪnə͡l], \ɪlˈɛvən sˈɪs ɹˈɛtɪnəl], \ɪ_l_ˈɛ_v_ə_n s_ˈɪ_s ɹ_ˈɛ_t_ɪ_n_əl]\
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A carotenoid constituent of visual pigments. It is the oxidized form of retinol which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is bound to the protein opsin forming the complex rhodopsin. When stimulated by visible light, the retinal component of the rhodopsin complex undergoes isomerization at the 11-position of the double bond to the cis-form; this is reversed in "dark" reactions to return to the native trans-configuration.
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Word of the day
hydromorphic
- [Greek] Structurally adapted to an aquatic environment, as organs of water plants.